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The Electric Guitar - A Primer
Amplified sound created by electrical currents caused by vibrating strings is the definition of the music created by an electric guitar. The first electric guitars in the 1930s consisted of electromagnetic transducers fastened to hollow-arch-top acoustic guitars. The Fender, created by Les Paul, was the original modern-day electric guitar. The Fender made its debut in the 1940s.
The Guitar's Body
Most bodies of an electric guitar are made of a solid piece of wood but some do have a semi-hollow resonance chamber. The body is the house for the pickups and controls of the guitar. Acoustic guitars vibrate their sound through a 'soundboard' on the body and thus the type of wood is important (the same is found on the right handed and left handed acoustic electric guitar). Despite soundboards not being used; the wood type used in the body of the electric guitar will determine how the instrument resonates. Denser woods, such as alder, ash, and mahogany, create a richer sound.
Bar
A metal bar attached to the bridge varies the string tension be moving the bridge backwards and forwards. This bar is also known as the Tremolo, Whammy, Vibrato, or Wang Bar.
The Guitar's Neck and Fingerboard
The guitar's neck is generally constructed out of maple. The fingerboard, or fretboard, is a thin strip of either maple or rosewood that is laminated to the front of the neck. The strings run above the fingerboard and when the guitar is played, the strings are pressed towards the fingerboard to change their vibrating lengths. This is how the musician changes pitch. Fingerboards made of rosewood have a dark timbre. Maple fingerboards create a bright pitch.
The Pickups of the Guitar
It is said that the pickups are the 'voice of the guitar.' Made of wire wrapped magnets, the pickups take the string vibrations and change them into an electric current. This current can then be amplified. When the string vibrates, the magnetic field of the pickup is disrupted. This is how the electrical signal is created.
Pickups fall into two different categories:
The Single Coil Pickup
Single coil pickups consist of only one coil and they tend to create a bright sound. The drawback to using a single coil pickup is that it is susceptible to having a background 'hum.' Ambient sound and signal created by electronics that is caused by changes in the magnetic flux of the pickup is the root cause of this hum.
Humbucker
Humbuckers were designed to overcome the humming effects of the single coil pickup. Humbuckers consist of two coils and are thicker in sound. The two coils are wound reverse to each other with opposing polarity in the 6 magnetic coils. This causes any ambient sound to be 'cancelled out' before amplification. Some electric guitars types let the musician turn off one of the coils to change the guitar's 'personality.'
Guitar Strings
Electric guitar strings have various windings, alloys, and gauges, all of which factor into the sound of the guitar. All electric guitar strings are made of metal and the right handed electric guitar is strung high E, B, G, D, A, and low E while the left handed electric guitar is strung upside down.
The String's Alloys
Most commonly used are strings made of steel because they produce vast volumes and tones that are brilliant. Stainless-steel nickel plated strings have a subdued tone. Nickel strings have a muted-round sound and are best used in rhythm and jazz.
The String's Gauge
String thickness is the string's gauge. Fast guitarists prefer thinner gauges because they are easy to bend. Pickers and strummers prefer medium gauges because they produce a considerable volume. A full-vibrant sound is produced by heavy gauged strings, but these are hard to play because they do not bend easily.
The Guitar String's Winding
The winding of electric guitar strings falls into 4 categories: round, flat, ground, and nylon taped. The most common is round wound but is shunned by fast players because it grabs the fingers. Flat, or ribbon, wound has a smooth 'oiled' surface that can be played fast with subdued tones. Ground wound is a round wound with a machine polish and is only found on electric bass guitars. Nylon taped windings are round or flat wound with a nylon coating. The tone from a nylon taped string sounds similar to an acoustic bass guitar.
One must do his or her homework when finding an electric guitar for sale. The prospective buyer must take into consideration the type of music he or she plans to play and how comfortable he or she will be with the instrument. Each guitar has an individual sonic-personality because of the various combinations of pickups, wood, and string.
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